Preview from Kasa's listingHomes near the start and finish for four destination marathons this season: Chicago, Marine Corps, New York City, Honolulu.
Picked for the course, not the city: start, finish, or the neighborhood the route runs through. Not a ranking. None of these listings mention the race; the page says so.

A marathon weekend has one constraint the rest of the trip is built around: be at the start corral at dawn without a taxi problem, and be able to walk home from the finish. Hotels near both sell out at registration. The apartment-hotel operators and professional managers in these cities have inventory a block or a mile away that nobody has gathered by race.
Ten homes across four races, all professional operators with their own booking sites. Chicago and New York are thin on professionally managed homes near the course, so the page leans on Arlington, DC, and Honolulu, where the matches are specific. Each links to the operator; you book with them.
Date per the race site.
Preview from Kasa's listing
Preview from Kasa's listingDate per the race site.
Preview from Placemakr's listing
Preview from Placemakr's listing
Preview from Kasa's listingFinancial District homes put you at the Whitehall ferry for the start.
Preview from Kasa's listing
Preview from Placemakr's listingDate per the race site.
Preview from Vacasa's listing